Longitudinal Waves
Particle displacement in the medium is parallel to the direction of wave propagation e.g. sound waves, primary earthquake waves
Transverse Waves
Particle displacement in the medium is perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation e.g. light and other electromagnetic waves, secondary earthquake waves
Frequency - Period
Sound Waves
Superposition of Waves
Waves travel through each other and the total amplitude at any moment is equal to the sum of amplitudes of the individual waves.
Standing Waves
In musical instruments - when a reflected wave travels back through itself causing fixed points of Nodes (Deconstructive Interference) and Antinodes (Constructive Interference) due to the fractional relationship between the wavelength (𝜆) of the wave and the length (L) of the resonating chamber
in musical instruments - when a reflected wave travels back through itself causing fixed points of Nodes (Deconstructive Interference) and Antinodes (Constructive Interference) due to the fractional relationship between the wavelength (𝜆) of the wave and the length (L) of the resonating chamber
Harmonic
|
String
|
Double Open Ended Pipe
|
Closed Ended Pipe
|
1st
|
𝜆 = 2L
f = f1st
|
𝜆 = 2L
f = f1st
|
𝜆 = 4L
f = f1st
|
2nd
|
𝜆 = L
f = 2f1st
|
𝜆 = L
f = 2f1st
| |
3rd
|
𝜆 = ⅔ L
f = 3f1st
|
𝜆 = ⅔ L
f = 3f1st
|
𝜆 = 4/3 L
f = 3f1st
|
4th
|
𝜆 = ½ L
f = 4f1st
|
𝜆 = ½ L
f = 4f1st
| |
5th
|
𝜆 = ⅖ L
f = 5f1st
|
𝜆 = ⅖ L
f = 5f1st
|
𝜆 = ⅘ L
f = 5f1st
|
Standing Waves Part I: Demonstration
Standing Waves Part II: Explanation
Standing Waves on a String
1st Harmonic
|
2nd Harmonic
|
3rd Harmonic
|
4th Harmonic
|
𝜆 = 2L
|
𝜆 = L
|
𝜆 = ⅔ L
|
𝜆 = ½ L
|
f = f1st
|
f = 2f1st
|
f = 3f1st
|
f = 4f1st
|
Standing Waves in a Pipe
Standing Waves in a Wave Tank
Standing Waves on a 2D Plate
Cymatics
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