Tuesday, 3 February 2026

Week 1 Term 1 Photoelectric Effect

Week 1 Term 1 2025 Photoelectric Effect 

 Homework:

  • Activity 11A, p.188-189 Waves & Photons
  • Activity 11B, p.192 Photoelectric Effect
  • Exercise 5B, p.205-208 Photoelectric Effect
  • Ex 5C, p.212-215 Photoelectric Effect

Photoelectric Effect

Photoelectric Effect A-Level Physics



Hertz and Lenards Observation of Photoelectric Effect


Photoelectric Effect

The concept of the Photoelectric Effect was introduced and how light modeled as a particle can explain this, while light modeled as a wave cannot.

The above video explains the Photoelectric Effect using a PhET application which I encourage you to use and experiment with.
This can be found at:
 https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/photoelectric

Planck's Constant h = 6.63 x 10-34 Js

Energy of a Photon E = hf

Threshold Frequency fo , the frequency of incident photons that have an energy equal to the work function of the metal

Work Function φ = energy required to free an electron from a specific metal (J)

Maximum Kinetic Energy, Ek,  of a freed electron by an incident photon:
Ek = hf - φ



Electron Volts to Joules Conversion



How Quantum Mechanics Saved Physics From Ovens






Planck's Constant - Sixty Symbols



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Thursday, 29 January 2026

Nuclear Energy Generation Week 0 2026

 Achievement Standard Physics 91527: Use physics knowledge to develop an informed response to a socio-scientific issue 

Physics 3.7, Credits 3 version 2


“Given nuclear energy generation will be increasingly used in the future, what is the most efficient way that we should do this?"

Resources

Types of Nuclear Reactor





Top 3 MOST Popular Nuclear Reactor Types Worldwide


Nuclear Physicist Explains and Compares All Gen IV Reactor Types

What kinds of nuclear reactors exist, and how are they designed?



The Most Used Nuclear Reactors: PWR and BWR


The Inconvenient Truth About Small Modular Reactors




They're Lying to You About Nuclear Energy

China Launches World's First Thorium Nuclear Reactor



How Fukushima Disaster Actually Happened



Chernobyl Why It Happened



Why Chernobyl is still a Massive Problem


Chernobyl's Corium is still Hot



Chernobyl


Chernobyl Film trailer

Nuclear Fission Reactors


Nuclear Waste Storage in Finland


The Nuclear Wast Problem

What Happens to Nuclear Waste?

Worst Nuclear Accidents in History

The Big Lie About Nuclear Waste


Small Modular Nuclear Reactors

Understanding the accident of Fukushima Daiichi




88,000 tons of radioactive waste – and nowhere to put it


The Eyes of Nye S01 E05 Nuclear Energy


Is Nuclear Power Good Or Bad?



How fear of nuclear power is hurting the environment


Boiler, How it works ?


Steam Turbine

The Chernobyl Disaster: How It Happened


Unique engineering feat concluded as Chernobyl arch has reached resting place



A Walk Around Chernobyl



Thorium Salt Nuclear Reactor: Kirk Sorensen at TEDxYYC

Nuclear Power Plant Safety Systems

Nuclear Energy Explained: How does it work? 1/3

3 Reasons Why Nuclear Energy Is Terrible! 2/3

3 Reasons Why Nuclear Energy Is Awesome! 3/3

How Nuclear Power Plants Work / Nuclear Energy 
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Wednesday, 27 August 2025

Week 7 Term 3 2024 - Basic Wave Properties, Standing Waves & Music, The Doppler Effect

 Homework

Basic Wave Properties

  • Act 4A, p.56 Properties of Waves

Standing Waves & Music
  • Act 5A, p.73-74 Standing Waves
  • Act 5B, p.79-80 Music

  • Ex 3D, p.75-79, Standing Waves and Music


The Doppler Effect
  • Act 6A, p.85-86 The Doppler Effect


    • Longitudinal Waves

    Particle displacement in the medium is parallel to the direction of wave propagation e.g. sound waves, primary earthquake waves

    Transverse Waves
    Particle displacement in the medium is perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation e.g. light and other electromagnetic waves, secondary earthquake waves

    Frequency - Period


    Sound Waves
    Superposition of Waves

    Waves travel through each other and the total amplitude at any moment is equal to the sum of amplitudes of the individual waves.


    Standing Waves
    In musical instruments - when a reflected wave travels back through itself causing fixed points of Nodes (Deconstructive Interference) and Antinodes (Constructive Interference) due to the fractional relationship between the wavelength (𝜆) of the wave and the length (L) of the resonating chamber

    in musical instruments - when a reflected wave travels back through itself causing fixed points of Nodes (Deconstructive Interference) and Antinodes (Constructive Interference) due to the fractional relationship between the wavelength (𝜆) of the wave and the length (L) of the resonating chamber


    Harmonic
    String
    Double Open Ended Pipe
    Closed Ended Pipe
    1st
    𝜆 = 2L
    f = f1st
    𝜆 = 2L
    f = f1st
    𝜆 = 4L
    f = f1st
    2nd
    𝜆 = L
    f = 2f1st
    𝜆 = L
    f = 2f1st

    3rd
    𝜆 = ⅔ L
    f = 3f1st
    𝜆 = ⅔ L
    f = 3f1st
    𝜆 = 4/3 L
    f = 3f1st
    4th
    𝜆 = ½ L
    f = 4f1st
    𝜆 = ½ L
    f = 4f1st

    5th
    𝜆 = ⅖ L
    f = 5f1st
    𝜆 = ⅖ L
    f = 5f1st
    𝜆 = ⅘ L
    f = 5f1st

    Standing Waves Part I: Demonstration


    Standing Waves Part II: Explanation

    Standing Waves


    Standing Waves on a String
    1st Harmonic
    2nd Harmonic
    3rd Harmonic
    4th Harmonic
    𝜆 = 2L
    𝜆 = L
    𝜆 = ⅔ L
    𝜆 = ½ L
    f = f1st
    f = 2f1st
    f = 3f1st
    f = 4f1st


    Standing Waves in a Pipe


    Standing Waves in a Wave Tank


    Standing Waves on a 2D Plate

    Cymatics

       Acoustic Levitation in ULTRA SLOW MOTION


    Timbre
    Timbre is caused by the shape of the repeating wave unit. This gives instruments their characteristic sound even when playing the same note

     Musical Notes and Frequencies
("Middle C" is C4 )

NoteFrequency (Hz)Wavelength (cm)
C016.352109.89
 C#0/Db0 17.321991.47
D018.351879.69
 D#0/Eb0 19.451774.20
E020.601674.62
F021.831580.63
 F#0/Gb0 23.121491.91
G024.501408.18
 G#0/Ab0 25.961329.14
A027.501254.55
 A#0/Bb0 29.141184.13
B030.871117.67
C132.701054.94
 C#1/Db1 34.65995.73
D136.71939.85
 D#1/Eb1 38.89887.10
E141.20837.31
F143.65790.31
 F#1/Gb1 46.25745.96
G149.00704.09
 G#1/Ab1 51.91664.57
A155.00627.27
 A#1/Bb1 58.27592.07
B161.74558.84
C265.41527.47
 C#2/Db2 69.30497.87
D273.42469.92
 D#2/Eb2 77.78443.55
E282.41418.65
F287.31395.16
 F#2/Gb2 92.50372.98
G298.00352.04
 G#2/Ab2 103.83332.29
A2110.00313.64
 A#2/Bb2 116.54296.03
B2123.47279.42
C3130.81263.74
 C#3/Db3 138.59248.93
D3146.83234.96
 D#3/Eb3 155.56221.77
E3164.81209.33
F3174.61197.58
 F#3/Gb3 185.00186.49
G3196.00176.02
 G#3/Ab3 207.65166.14
A3220.00156.82
 A#3/Bb3 233.08148.02
B3246.94139.71
C4261.63131.87
 C#4/Db4 277.18124.47
D4293.66117.48
 D#4/Eb4 311.13110.89
E4329.63104.66
F4349.2398.79
 F#4/Gb4 369.9993.24
G4392.0088.01
 G#4/Ab4 415.3083.07
A4440.0078.41
 A#4/Bb4 466.1674.01
B4493.8869.85
C5523.2565.93
 C#5/Db5 554.3762.23
D5587.3358.74
 D#5/Eb5 622.2555.44
E5659.2552.33
F5698.4649.39
 F#5/Gb5 739.9946.62
G5783.9944.01
 G#5/Ab5 830.6141.54
A5880.0039.20
 A#5/Bb5 932.3337.00
B5987.7734.93
C61046.5032.97
 C#6/Db6 1108.7331.12
D61174.6629.37
 D#6/Eb6 1244.5127.72
E61318.5126.17
F61396.9124.70
 F#6/Gb6 1479.9823.31
G61567.9822.00
 G#6/Ab6 1661.2220.77
A61760.0019.60
 A#6/Bb6 1864.6618.50
B61975.5317.46
C72093.0016.48
 C#7/Db7 2217.4615.56
D72349.3214.69
 D#7/Eb7 2489.0213.86
E72637.0213.08
F72793.8312.35
 F#7/Gb7 2959.9611.66
G73135.9611.00
 G#7/Ab7 3322.4410.38
A73520.009.80
 A#7/Bb7 3729.319.25
B73951.078.73
C84186.018.24
 C#8/Db8 4434.927.78
D84698.637.34
 D#8/Eb8 4978.036.93
E85274.046.54
F85587.656.17
 F#8/Gb8 5919.915.83
G86271.935.50
 G#8/Ab8 6644.885.19
A87040.004.90
 A#8/Bb8 7458.624.63
B87902.134.37
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