Week 10 Term 2 2026 Internal Resistance of a Battery

  Homework

Act 13A, p.222 Level 2 D.C. Circuit Revision

Act 13B, p.226-227 Internal Resistance of a Battery

Ex 6A, p.251-253 Resistor Networks

Ex 6B, P.261-262 Internal Resistance of a Battery

Electrical Charge

Current

Current is the rate of flow of Charge

I = Δq/Δt

Current

Voltage

Voltage (Potential Difference) is the change in energy (work done) to each coulomb of charge between two points on a circuit, or two points across an electric field

Voltage

Voltage (Potential Difference) is the change in energy (work done) to each coulomb of charge between two points on a circuit, or two points across an electric field

V = ΔE/Q

Ohm's Law & Resistance

Power

Circuit Symbols

Ohm's Law

Ohm's Law - PhET App

D.C. Circuit Construction Kit - PhET App

Ohm's Law

Internal Resistance of a Battery

Batteries can be thought of as having an ideal voltage supply E.M.F. (Electromotive Force) in series with an internal resistance

V = 𝛆 - Ir

How to find the internal resistance of a battery

Kichhoff's Laws

Kirchhoff’s Current Law
“At any junction in a circuit, the total current entering the junction equals the total current leaving the junction”
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law
“Around any closed path of a circuit, the total of all the potential differences, V, is zero”

Kirchhoff's Rules for Circuit Analysis - Explanation

Kirchhoff's Rules for Circuit Analysis - Example 1

Kirchhoff's Rules for Circuit Analysis - Example 2

Kirchhoff's Rules for Circuit Analysis - Example 3

Week 8 Term 2 2026 Simple Harmonic Motion

 Homework:

2D Momentum and Centre of Mass C.O.M.

• Ex 4A, p.100-102, C.O.M.
• Ex 4B, p.108-112, Momentum & C.O.M. in 1D
• Ex 4C, p.116-122, Momentum & C.O.M. in 2D
• Act 7A, p.87-88 Motion, Force and Energy
• Act 7B, p.91-92 Impulse
• Act 7C, p.95-96 Conservation of Momentum
• Act 7D, p.100-101 C.O.M.

Circular Motion

• Act 8A, p.120-121 Horizontal Circles and Banked Corners
• Act 8B, p.124-125 Vertical Circles
• Act 8C, p.129 Sattelites
• Ex 4D, p.128-131, Banked Corners (Circular Motion)
• Ex 4E, p.138-142, Vertical Circles
• Ex 4F, p.145-147, Gravity
• Ex 4G, p.153-156 Satallites

Rotational Motion

• Act 9A, p. 139-140, Angular Motion

• Act 9B, p. 144-145, Torque - Rotational Inertia

• Act 9C, p.149-150, Angular Momentum

• Act 9D, p.153-154 Rotational Kinetic Energy

• Ex 4H, p.160-162, Rotational Kinematics

• Ex 4H, p.160-162, Rotational Kinematics

• Ex 4I, P.167-171, Rotational Force & Momentum

• Ex 4J, p.175-177, Rotational Kinetic Energy

Simple Harmonic Motion

• Act 10A, p. 148, Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM)
• Act 10B, p.153, Reference CIrcle
• Act 10C, p. 158-160, SHM - displacement, velocity, acceleration
• Act 10D, p. 164-165, Springs and Pendulums
• Act 10E, p. 172, SHM Energy, Damped, Driven, Resonance
• Ex 4K, p.184-187, Pendulums and Bouncing Springs
• Ex 4L, p.191-194, SHM

Simple Harmonic Motion - SHM

Masses & Springs PhET Lab

Simple Pendulum PhET Lab

SHM

Simple Harmonic Motion: Crash Course Physics

Pendulum Wave Demonstration

SHM & Energy

Energy of Simple Harmonic Oscillators

Damped SHM

Damping of Simple Harmonic Motion

Damped SHM & Resonance

PhET - Resonance Lab

Tacoma Bridge Collapse

How The Millennium Bridge Became The World's Most Wobbly Bridge

Week 7 Term 2 2026 Angular Momentum

   Homework:

C.O.M. & 2D momentum

• Ex 4A, p.100-102, C.O.M.
• Ex 4B, p.108-112, Momentum & C.O.M. in 1D
• Ex 4C, p.116-122, Momentum & C.O.M. in 2D
• Act 7A, p.87-88 Motion, Force and Energy
• Act 7B, p.91-92 Impulse
• Act 7C, p.95-96 Conservation of Momentum
• Act 7D, p.100-101 C.O.M.

Circular Motion

• Act 8A, p.120-121 Horizontal Circles and Banked Corners
• Act 8B, p.124-125 Vertical Circles
• Act 8C, p.129 Sattelites
• Ex 4D, p.128-131, Banked Corners (Circular Motion)
• Ex 4E, p.138-142, Vertical Circles
• Ex 4F, p.145-147, Gravity
• Ex 4G, p.153-156 Satallites

Rotational Motion

• Act 9A, p. 139-140, Angular Motion
• Act 9B, p. 144-145, Torque - Rotational Inertia
• Act 9C, p.149-150, Angular Momentum
• Act 9D, p.153-154 Rotational Kinetic Energy
• Ex 4H, p.160-162, Rotational Kinematics
• Ex 4I, P.167-171, Rotational Force & Momentum
• Ex 4J, p.175-177, Rotational Kinetic Energy

What IS Angular Momentum?

Angular Momentum

Angular Momentum - Sixty Symbols

Gyroscopic Precession

Precession of Earth

Slow Motion Flipping Cat Physics

Counter Steering Physics

The Bizarre Behavior of Rotating Bodies, Explained

Ellipzoids and the Bizarre Behavior of Rotating Bodies

Week 6 Term 2 2026 Torque, Roatational Interia, & Rotational Kinetic Energy

  Homework:

C.O.M. & 2D momentum

• Ex 4A, p.100-102, C.O.M.
• Ex 4B, p.108-112, Momentum & C.O.M. in 1D
• Ex 4C, p.116-122, Momentum & C.O.M. in 2D
• Act 7A, p.87-88 Motion, Force and Energy
• Act 7B, p.91-92 Impulse
• Act 7C, p.95-96 Conservation of Momentum
• Act 7D, p.100-101 C.O.M.

Circular Motion

• Act 8A, p.120-121 Horizontal Circles and Banked Corners
• Act 8B, p.124-125 Vertical Circles
• Act 8C, p.129 Sattelites
• Ex 4D, p.128-131, Banked Corners (Circular Motion)
• Ex 4E, p.138-142, Vertical Circles
• Ex 4F, p.145-147, Gravity
• Ex 4G, p.153-156 Satallites

Rotational Motion

• Act 9A, p. 139-140, Angular Motion
• Act 9B, p. 144-145, Torque - Rotational Inertia
• Act 9C, p.149-150, Angular Momentum
• Act 9D, p.153-154 Rotational Kinetic Energy
• Ex 4H, p.160-162, Rotational Kinematics
• Ex 4I, P.167-171, Rotational Force & Momentum
• Ex 4J, p.175-177, Rotational Kinetic Energy

Rotational Inertia

Rotational Inertia

Torque

Angular Momentum

Angular Momentum - Sixty Symbols

Gyroscopic Precession

Precession of Earth

Slow Motion Flipping Cat Physics

Counter Steering Physics

The Bizarre Behavior of Rotating Bodies, Explained

Ellipzoids and the Bizarre Behavior of Rotating Bodies

Week 5 Term 2 2026 Rotational Motion (Kinematics)

 Homework:

C.O.M. & 2D momentum

• Ex 4A, p.100-102, C.O.M.
• Ex 4B, p.108-112, Momentum & C.O.M. in 1D
• Ex 4C, p.116-122, Momentum & C.O.M. in 2D
• Act 7A, p.87-88 Motion, Force and Energy
• Act 7B, p.91-92 Impulse
• Act 7C, p.95-96 Conservation of Momentum
• Act 7D, p.100-101 C.O.M.

Circular Motion

• Act 8A, p.120-121 Horizontal Circles and Banked Corners
• Act 8B, p.124-125 Vertical Circles
• Act 8C, p.129 Sattelites
• Ex 4D, p.128-131, Banked Corners (Circular Motion)
• Ex 4E, p.138-142, Vertical Circles
• Ex 4F, p.145-147, Gravity
• Ex 4G, p.153-156 Satallites

Rotational Motion

• Act 9A, p. 128-129, Angular Motion
• Ex 4H, p.160-162, Rotational Kinematics

Radians

Radian Measure is used so that we can easily calculate an arc length, d (m), given an angle, 𝛉 (Rad) and the radius, r (m).

d = r𝛉

This in turn allows us to relate velocity, v (ms-1) to angular velocity ⍵ (rads-1), in the same way. Note that Angular Velocity may also be called Angular Frequency.

v = r⍵, 

also ⍵ = 2𝝅f

 This also allows us to relate acceleration, a (ms-2), to angular acceleration, α (rads-2), in the same way.

a = rα

The rotational kinematics work just like the translational kinematic equations when there is a constant acceleration.

Rotational Kinematics Review

Rotational Kinematics

Rotational Kinematics Physics: Problems, Basic Introduction, Equations & Formulas

Rotational Motion Physics, Basic Rotational Motion Physics: Introduction, 

Angular Velocity & Tangential Acceleration

Rotational Kinematics Demonstrated

Rotational Kinematics: The Language of Circular Motion