Tuesday, 21 March 2023

Week 8 Term 1 2023

Lesics Electronics Enginering Videos


Transistors, How do they work?



MOSFET


Inverter DC --> AC

Thyristor



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Tuesday, 21 February 2023

Week 4 Term 1 2023

   Homework:

  • Act 11A, p.176 Waves & Photons
  • Act 11B, p.179 Photoelectric Effect
  • Ex 5B, p.205-208 Photoelectric Effect
  • Ex 5C, p.212-215 Photoelectric Effect
  • Act 11C, p.183 Atomic Line Spectra
  • Act 11D, p.188-189 Bohr Model of Hydrogen Atom
  • Ex 5D, p.221-222 Atomic Models
  • Ex 5E, p.228-230 Atomic Line Spectra
  • Act 12A p.207-208 E=mc^2
  • Act 12B p.213-214 Nuclear Reactions
  • Ex 5F p.234-236 E=mc^2
  • Ex 5G p.242-246 Nuclear Reactions

When is now Relativity and Neurology



Nuclear Fission




Nuclear Fission; splitting the atom for beginners



Nuclear Physics: Crash Course Physics #45


Nuclear Chemistry: Crash Course Chemistry #38


Nuclear Chemistry Part 2: Fusion and Fission - Crash Course Chemistry #39


Nuclear Fission

  • The breaking up of a larger nucleus into smaller nuclei
  • The decrease in mass per nucleon, matches the increase in binding energu per nucleon
  • This binding energy per nucleon is a negative energy and represents energy that is lost (radiated away) during the reaction. 
  • Binding energy per nucleon also represents the energy that would need to be added to liberate a nucleon from the nucleus
Nuclear Fission

Fission & Fusion

Nuclear Fusion
  • The joining of smaller nuclei into a larger nucleus
  • The decrease in mass per nucleon, matches the increase in binding energu per nucleon
  • This binding energy per nucleon is a negative energy and represents energy that is lost (radiated away) during the reaction. 
  • Binding energy per nucleon also represents the energy that would need to be added to liberate a nucleon from the nucleus

Nuclear Fusion

Fusion Energy

Binding Energy per Nucleon

Nuclear Reaction E = mc2




Binding Energy per Nucleon

Binding Energy per Nucleon is a negative energy or a debt of energy. This is the amount of energy it would take to liberate a nucleon from the nucleus. This energy was originally radiated off when the nucleus formed.

The energy radiated off, the Binding energy, is lost energy and comes from mass that is lost by the nucleons. Mass per Nucleon shows what is left over once a bound nucleon has radiated away some of its mass.

Mass per Nucleon


Fission:The breaking up of a larger nucleus into smaller daughter nuclei. Anything above Iron will radiate off energy.

Fusion:
The joining of smaller nuclei into a larger nucleus. Anything below Iron will radiate off energy.

Fission & Fusion

Fission
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Tuesday, 14 February 2023

Term 1 Week 3 2023

  Homework:


  • Act 11A, p.176 Waves & Photons (last week)
  • Act 11B, p.179 Photoelectric Effect (last week)
  • Ex 5B, p.205-208 Photoelectric Effect (last week)
  • Ex 5C, p.212-215 Photoelectric Effect
  • Act 11C, p.183 Atomic Line Spectra
  • Act 11D, p.188-189 Bohr Model of Hydrogen Atom
  • Ex 5D, p.221-222 Atomic Models
  • Ex 5E, p.228-230 Atomic Line Spectra

How Quantum Mechanics Saved Physics From Ovens



Planck's Constant - Sixty Symbols




Atomic Line Spectra

Hydrogen Emission and Absorption Spectra for the visible Balmer Series


Atomic Line Spectra for Hydrogen

Emission & Absorption Lines for Hydrogen


Emission Lines for Hydrogen

Bohr Model of the Hydrogen Atom

 Bohr Model of the atom and Atomic Emission Spectra


Line Spectra & the Bohr Model

Emission and Absorption Line Spectra



Bohr Model of the Hydrogen Atom

Energy Levels


Bohr Model of the Hydrogen Atom



Atomic Spectroscopy Explained


Fine Structure Constant 1/137

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Tuesday, 7 February 2023

Term 1 Week 2 2023

 Homework:


  • Activity 11A, p.176 Waves & Photons
  • Activity 11B, p.179 Photoelectric Effect
  • Exercise 5B, p.205-208 Photoelectric Effect

Photoelectric Effect

Photoelectric Effect A-Level Physics



Hertz and Lenards Observation of Photoelectric Effect
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Thursday, 1 September 2022

Week 7 Term 3 2022

  Homework

  • Act 4A, p.56 Properties of Waves
  • Act 5A, p.73-74 Standing Waves
  • Act 5B, p.79-80 Music
  • Act 6A, p.85-86 The Doppler Effect


    • Longitudinal Waves

    Particle displacement in the medium is parallel to the direction of wave propagation e.g. sound waves, primary earthquake waves

    Transverse Waves
    Particle displacement in the medium is perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation e.g. light and other electromagnetic waves, secondary earthquake waves

    Frequency - Period


    Sound Waves
    Superposition of Waves

    Waves travel through each other and the total amplitude at any moment is equal to the sum of amplitudes of the individual waves.


    Standing Waves
    In musical instruments - when a reflected wave travels back through itself causing fixed points of Nodes (Deconstructive Interference) and Antinodes (Constructive Interference) due to the fractional relationship between the wavelength (𝜆) of the wave and the length (L) of the resonating chamber

    in musical instruments - when a reflected wave travels back through itself causing fixed points of Nodes (Deconstructive Interference) and Antinodes (Constructive Interference) due to the fractional relationship between the wavelength (𝜆) of the wave and the length (L) of the resonating chamber


    Harmonic
    String
    Double Open Ended Pipe
    Closed Ended Pipe
    1st
    𝜆 = 2L
    f = f1st
    𝜆 = 2L
    f = f1st
    𝜆 = 4L
    f = f1st
    2nd
    𝜆 = L
    f = 2f1st
    𝜆 = L
    f = 2f1st

    3rd
    𝜆 = ⅔ L
    f = 3f1st
    𝜆 = ⅔ L
    f = 3f1st
    𝜆 = 4/3 L
    f = 3f1st
    4th
    𝜆 = ½ L
    f = 4f1st
    𝜆 = ½ L
    f = 4f1st

    5th
    𝜆 = ⅖ L
    f = 5f1st
    𝜆 = ⅖ L
    f = 5f1st
    𝜆 = ⅘ L
    f = 5f1st

    Standing Waves Part I: Demonstration


    Standing Waves Part II: Explanation

    Standing Waves


    Standing Waves on a String
    1st Harmonic
    2nd Harmonic
    3rd Harmonic
    4th Harmonic
    𝜆 = 2L
    𝜆 = L
    𝜆 = ⅔ L
    𝜆 = ½ L
    f = f1st
    f = 2f1st
    f = 3f1st
    f = 4f1st


    Standing Waves in a Pipe


    Standing Waves in a Wave Tank


    Standing Waves on a 2D Plate

    Cymatics

       Acoustic Levitation in ULTRA SLOW MOTION


    Timbre
    Timbre is caused by the shape of the repeating wave unit. This gives instruments their characteristic sound even when playing the same note

     Musical Notes and Frequencies
("Middle C" is C4 )

NoteFrequency (Hz)Wavelength (cm)
C016.352109.89
 C#0/Db0 17.321991.47
D018.351879.69
 D#0/Eb0 19.451774.20
E020.601674.62
F021.831580.63
 F#0/Gb0 23.121491.91
G024.501408.18
 G#0/Ab0 25.961329.14
A027.501254.55
 A#0/Bb0 29.141184.13
B030.871117.67
C132.701054.94
 C#1/Db1 34.65995.73
D136.71939.85
 D#1/Eb1 38.89887.10
E141.20837.31
F143.65790.31
 F#1/Gb1 46.25745.96
G149.00704.09
 G#1/Ab1 51.91664.57
A155.00627.27
 A#1/Bb1 58.27592.07
B161.74558.84
C265.41527.47
 C#2/Db2 69.30497.87
D273.42469.92
 D#2/Eb2 77.78443.55
E282.41418.65
F287.31395.16
 F#2/Gb2 92.50372.98
G298.00352.04
 G#2/Ab2 103.83332.29
A2110.00313.64
 A#2/Bb2 116.54296.03
B2123.47279.42
C3130.81263.74
 C#3/Db3 138.59248.93
D3146.83234.96
 D#3/Eb3 155.56221.77
E3164.81209.33
F3174.61197.58
 F#3/Gb3 185.00186.49
G3196.00176.02
 G#3/Ab3 207.65166.14
A3220.00156.82
 A#3/Bb3 233.08148.02
B3246.94139.71
C4261.63131.87
 C#4/Db4 277.18124.47
D4293.66117.48
 D#4/Eb4 311.13110.89
E4329.63104.66
F4349.2398.79
 F#4/Gb4 369.9993.24
G4392.0088.01
 G#4/Ab4 415.3083.07
A4440.0078.41
 A#4/Bb4 466.1674.01
B4493.8869.85
C5523.2565.93
 C#5/Db5 554.3762.23
D5587.3358.74
 D#5/Eb5 622.2555.44
E5659.2552.33
F5698.4649.39
 F#5/Gb5 739.9946.62
G5783.9944.01
 G#5/Ab5 830.6141.54
A5880.0039.20
 A#5/Bb5 932.3337.00
B5987.7734.93
C61046.5032.97
 C#6/Db6 1108.7331.12
D61174.6629.37
 D#6/Eb6 1244.5127.72
E61318.5126.17
F61396.9124.70
 F#6/Gb6 1479.9823.31
G61567.9822.00
 G#6/Ab6 1661.2220.77
A61760.0019.60
 A#6/Bb6 1864.6618.50
B61975.5317.46
C72093.0016.48
 C#7/Db7 2217.4615.56
D72349.3214.69
 D#7/Eb7 2489.0213.86
E72637.0213.08
F72793.8312.35
 F#7/Gb7 2959.9611.66
G73135.9611.00
 G#7/Ab7 3322.4410.38
A73520.009.80
 A#7/Bb7 3729.319.25
B73951.078.73
C84186.018.24
 C#8/Db8 4434.927.78
D84698.637.34
 D#8/Eb8 4978.036.93
E85274.046.54
F85587.656.17
 F#8/Gb8 5919.915.83
G86271.935.50
 G#8/Ab8 6644.885.19
A87040.004.90
 A#8/Bb8 7458.624.63
B87902.134.37
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