Monday, 29 August 2022

Week 6 Term 2 2022

 Homework

  • Act 16A, p.265-266 Peak and rms voltage and current
  • Act 16B, p.260 Capacitor Reactance
  • Act 16C, p.275-276 Voltage and Current in a RC circuit
  • Act 16D, p.279 Voltage Current and Impedance in a RC circuit
  • Act 16E, p.282 Inductor Reactance
  • Act 16F, p.286-287 Voltage Current and Impedance in a RL circuit
  • Act 16G, p.289 The LCR series circuit
  • Act 16H, 293-296 Resonance
  • Ex 6L, p.316-317, RC Circuits
  • Ex 6M, 319-320, LC Circuits
  • Ex 6N, 321-324, LCR Circuits

Capacitor Reactance

Inductor Reactance

Resistors in AC Circuits

Capacitors in AC Circuits

Inductors in AC Circuits

RCL in AC Circuits - Part 1

RCL in AC Circuits - Part 2

Capacitors in AC Circuits - Part 3

Inductors in AC Circuits - Part 3

RC in AC Circuits - Part 4

RL in AC CIrcuits - Part 4

RCL in AC Circuits - Part 3

Summary of RCL Circuits

RCL Resonance


RCL Phase Relationships





Impedance of a Capacitor Resistor Circuit
Z = √(XC2 + R2)
θ = tan-1(-XC/R) = tan-1(-VC/VR)
The Capacitor Reactance is 90° behind the Resistance
The Capacitor Voltage is 90° behind the Resistor Voltage


Impedance of a Inductor Resistor Circuit
Z = √(XL2 + R2)
θ = tan-1(XL/R) = tan-1(VL/VR)
The Inductor Reactance is 90° ahead of the Resistance
The Inductor Voltage is 90° ahead of the Resistor Voltage


Impedance of a RCL Circuit
Z = √((XL - XC)2+ R2)
θ = tan-1((XL - XC)/R) = tan-1((VL - VC)/VR)

Resonance



A.C. Circuits & Resonance





Thursday, 18 August 2022

Week 4 Term 3 2022

  Homework:

  • Act 13A, p.205-206 Level 2 D.C. Circuit Revision
  • Act 13B, p.210-211 Battery Internal Resistance
  • Act 13C, p.214-216 Kirchhoff's Laws
  • Ex 6A, p.251-254 Level 2 D.C. Circuit Revision
  • Ex 6B, p.261-261 Internal Resistance of a Battery
  • Ex 6C, p.267-272 Kirchhoff's Laws
  • Act 14A, p.240 Capacitance & Capacitors
  • Act 14B, p.244-245 Capacitor Networks & Energy
  • Act 14C, p.249-251 Charging & Discharging Capacitors
  • Ex 6D, p.277-280 Capacitor Energy
  • Ex 6E, p.283-284 Capacitors
  • Ex 6F, p.289-292 Capacitor Networks
  • Ex 6G, p.298-300 Charging & Discharging Capacitors
  • Act 15A, p.259-260 Induced Voltage & Current
  • Act 15B, p.263-264 Transformers
  • Act 15C, p.268-269 Inductance
  • Act 15D, p.272-273 Voltage and Current Graphs for the Inductor
  • Ex 6H, p.303-305 Inducatnace in DC Circuits
  • Ex 6I, 308-310 Inductance: Self; Mutual; Time Constant; Energy Stored
  • Ex 6J, p.311-312 Transformers

Capacitor
C = Q/V


Capacitors
Basic Definition
Physical Parameters
Energy Stored
Ep = ½ QV


Capacitors & Capacitance

Capacitors Explained

Dielectric

An insulating material placed in between the capacitor plates to increase the Capacitance

C = 𝜺r𝜺oA/d






Dielectrics in Capacitors

PhET Capacitor Lab Basics - App


Capacitor Circuits


Capacitors in Series
Calculating Voltage Charge and Total Capacitance

Capacitors in Parallel
Calculating Voltage Charge and Total Capacitance


Capacitors in Parallel vs Capacitors in Series


Capacitors in Combination
Series & Parallel Capacitors

Capacitors in Combination
Patrallel & Series Capacitors

Capacitors in Series
Calculating Voltage Drop


Capacitors in Series
Calculating the Charge Stored

Capacitors in Series
Calculating the Equivalent Capacitance


Capacitors in Parallel
Calculating Voltage Drop

Capacitors in Parallel
Calculating the Charge Stored


Capacitors in Parallel
Calculating the Equivalent Capacitance


Capacitor Charge & Discharge



RC Circuits 1: Charging and Discharging a Capacitor


Right Hand Screw Rule


Right Hand Slap Rule

Magnetic Flux










Lenz's Law

Faraday's Law & Lenz's Law


Inductance






Transformers


The ratio of the secondary to primary voltage is equal to the ratio of the secondary to primary turns

Vs/Vp = Ns/Np

In an Ideal Transforme
Secondary Power = Primary Power
In reality, energy is lost through heat from eddy currents generated in the soft iron core from the changing flux.

NB: As Voltage is often referred to as e.m.f. the Symbol "e" or "E" is often used in engineering to refer to e.m.f.
This is the case in the video below.
After explaining how basic Transformers work, this video goes on to explain 3-Phase Transformers.

NZ Street Step-Down Transformer

Internal Diagram of a Transformer

How Do Substations Work?

Fuse MCB, How it Works